Degration of Women essays

Degration of Women articles Since the start of human advancement, gay connections have been looked downward on and censured. The notorious story of Sodom and Gomorrah, which is taken from The Holy Bible, gives a point by point record of Gods own prejudice of homosexuality. In any case, as time proceeds onward and the perspectives of the majority change, we end up moving towards a general public that apparently endures activities that were once observed as accursed. The explicit utilization of sexuality as a promotion apparatus, the uprising of television shows, for example, The Jerry Springer Show, and a music industry that routinely sells materials that corrupt ladies and promoter the utilization of recreational medications appear to be the calling cards of present day society. Throughout the years, the United States Armed Forces has put forth a cognizant attempt to keep up a feeling of ethical quality and order in an ever-evolving world. We are an establishment of glad people who have chipped in our lives to the countries barrier. We have the marvelous assignment of achieving a wartime strategic, living respectively in tense, restricted offices that don't generally oblige ones requirement for solace and comfort. In the wake of saying these things regarding the military, as I realize that it generally will be, I need to give cautious thought to the subject of this paper. When the military restrict straightforwardly gay help individuals, what are we contradicted to? In 1999, Senator Bill Bradley and previous Vice President Al Gore expected individuals from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to let gay people transparently serve in the military. What they got was a reaction of military administration that restricted the progressions because of fears that unit union would rot all through the military. Be that as it may, living in a progressively open minded society would in the end introduce the Dont ask, dont tell strategy. The Army Command Policy (Army Regulation 600-20) permits gay people to serve in the military under the con ... <!

The Story and Lyrics Behind The First Noel in French

The Story and Lyrics Behind The First Noel in French Aujourdhui le Roi des Cieux is the French rendition of The First Noel. The two are sung to a similar tune, however the words are extraordinary. The interpretation given here is the strict interpretation of the Christmas ditty Aujourdhui le Roi des Cieux. The melody has been secured by an assortment of well known French specialists, including Michaã «l, however the French form of The First Noel is most normally sung today by a congregation and lay choirs.â The History of The First Noelâ The First Noel likely started as a melody that was passed along orally and sung in the lanes outside of chapels, since early Christian attendees took an interest little in the Catholic mass. The term Noã «lâ in the French form (Noel in English) apparentlyâ derives from a Latin word for news. Accordingly, the melody is about a proclaimer, for this situation, a heavenly attendant, spreading the uplifting news that Jesus Christ (le Roi des Cieux) is born.â Despite the fact that idea to be an eighteenth century English song, theâ structure of The First Noel takes after that of medieval French epic sonnets, chansons de gesteâ like La Chanson de Roland memorializing the Charlemagne legends; these sonnets were moreover not recorded. The tune was not interpreted until 1823 when it was distributed in London as a major aspect of an early collection called Some Ancient Christmas Carols. The English title shows up in The Cornish Songbook (1929), which could mean The First Noel began in Cornwall, arranged over the Channel from France.â Christmas songs, then again, were recorded as right on time as the fourth century A.D. in the structure of Latin tunes extolling the idea of Jesus Christ as the child of God, a significant component of standard Christian philosophy at the time. Many psalms were drawn, for example, from the 12â long sonnets of the fourth-century Roman artist and law specialist Aurelius Clemens Prudentius. French Lyrics and English Translation Here is the French rendition of The First Noel and the English translation:Aujourdhui le Roi des Cieux au milieu de la nuitVoulut naã ®tre chez nous de la Vierge MariePour sauver le kind humain, larracher au pà ©chà ©Ramener au Seigneur ses enfants à ©garà ©s.Today the King of Heaven in the nightWas conceived on Earth of the Virgin MaryTo spare mankind, pull it from sinReturn the Lords lost kids to him.Noà «l, Noã «l, Noã «l, Noã «l Jã ©sus est nã ©, chantons Noà «l !Noel, Noel, Noel, NoelJesus is conceived, let us sing Noel!En ces lieux durant la nuit demeuraient les bergersQui gardaient leurs troupeaux dans les champs de Judà ©eOr, un ange du Seigneur apparut dans les cieuxEt la gloire de Dieu resplendit autour deux.In these parts during the night remained the shepherdsWho kept their groups in Judeas fieldsNow, a blessed messenger of the Lord showed up in the skiesAnd the greatness of God gleamed around them.RefrainRefrainLange dit :  « Ne craignez pas ; soyez tous dans la joieUn Sauveur vous est nã ©, cest le Christ, votre RoiPrà ¨s dici, vous trouverez dans lã ©table, couchà ©Dun lange emmaillotã ©, un enfant nouveau-nà ©Ã‚  ».The heavenly attendant stated, Do not fear; everybody be joyfulA Savior is destined to you, its Christ, your KingNearby, you will discover in the steady, put to bedWrapped up in a wool cover, an infant child.RefrainRefrain

Civil Disobedience Essay Example for Free

Common Disobedience Essay In view of the compositions of Henry David Thoreau it is pertinent that he is exceptionally restricted to government contribution of any sort. He doesn’t accept that the administration ought to be associated with regular day to day existence. Thoreau doesn’t comprehend the purpose of having an administration framework that will be valuable to everybody and not only a chosen few. Thoreau continues to clarify his numerous reasons with respect to why the â€Å"government is best [when it] administers [the] least.† He figured individuals should confront the ones that made society so degenerate and feeble. Thoreau accepts the administration worships individual egotistical interests. Thoreau’s opening explanation set the pace for his whole paper. He starts his article by saying that the legislature, up until now, has once in a while demonstrated to be valuable. He accepts that the force the administration has gotten from the dominant part as opposed to the couple of. This is for the most part on the grounds that the larger part is the most grounded bunch not on the grounds that their perspective is correct but since they have numerous in numbers. He at that point keeps on communicating the way that numerous individuals do what they accept is correct and not to simply adhere to the law made by the lion's share. He demands that individuals ought to get rid of the law all together when the legitimate framework gets shameful. Thoreau at that point expresses that the United States is an ideal case of an unjustifiable government. He accepts that is a result of the way that they have demonstrated help of subjection and they have taken an interest in the act of forceful war. Concerning a man following his first commitment, Thoreau accepts that a man isn’t committed to dispose of the shades of malice of the world, yet he is committed not to participate in these disasters. This implies no man should want to take part in a raucous government in the event that he doesn't decide to do as such. Thoreau asks, â€Å"Must the resident ever for a second, or at all degree, leave his heart to the official? Why has each man a still, small voice, at that point? I figure we ought to be men first, and subjects afterward.† He is fundamentally expressing that it is unquestionably progressively imperative to create regard for what is correct, instead of a regard for law. Thoreau sets an extremely incredible and forceful tone by deciding to open his exposition along these lines. Thoreau doesn’t see the viability of change inside the US government. Accordingly, he needs his perusers to feel a similar way. He at that point says that he is persuaded that requesting of and deciding in favor of progress accomplishes practically nothing. Thoreau utilizes a wide assortment of models, some close to home, that delineate the unfair framework that he talks about. By utilizing his very own encounters, he is permitting the peruser to completely comprehend all that he is attempting to portray. He talks on the way that during a dissent against bondage, he would not pay the expenses that were given to him. Due to his refusal to make good on the duties, he went through the night in prison. Yet, generally speaking his musings and feelings separated him from the administration since he decided not to partake in its foundations. He at that point expresses that one can’t see the legislature for what it truly is on the grounds that one is as yet working inside it. What's more, thusly they accept that everything is supported in light of the fact that they are a piece of the solid larger part. He feels that having an excessive amount of regard for law makes individuals do wild things. For instance, he accepts that the legislature has transformed fighters into machines for their very own utilization making them a sad remnant of what is genuine. Thoreau is energetic and fair about everything that he says. He needs the peruser to know precisely where in his heart these words are originating from. He never utilizes a brutal linguistic structure or word usage when composing since he doesnt need to sound irate. All through his paper, Thoreau utilizes an exceptional intrigue to poignancy. He for the most part utilizes tenderness when he depicts a discussion with his cell mate. Thoreau asks his kindred detainee what he got put in prison for and the man answered saying, they blame me for consuming an outbuilding; however I never done it. Thoreau does this to speak to the feeling of his perusers by giving them that what the administration does isnt reasonable. He additionally shows this when he says that he has been hanging tight 3 months for his preliminary, and he will most likely need to hold up an additional 3 months before he really gets his preliminary. Thoreau depicts the discussion to paint an image in the psyches of his perusers, of a guiltless man that needed to hold up an a large portion of a year to endeavor to demonstrate blamelessness. The way that this blameless man was investing his holding up energy in prison, draws a ton of compassion from his perusers. Thoreau additionally utilizes a lot of symbolism in this exposition. While portraying hisâ jail cell, he utilized the rooms were whitewashed once every month He was doing this to show his crowd that his discipline truly wasnt as terrible as the vast majority suspected it would be. Thoreau even said that he saw his cell as though it were a condo, and the prison house, a city. This backings his thought that prison in fact isnt a discipline for those in it. Thoreau, here, is attempting to convince the perusers to stand together and rebel against the legislature since it is their obligation to do as such. He at that point proceeds to state that neither him, nor his cell mate represent any genuine danger to society. This makes the peruser question his place in prison. In the event that he truly wasnt a danger, at that point for what reason would he say he was bolted up? Thoreau is exceptionally stubborn about his extremely expansive perspectives on the administration. He accepts that the administration has just kept going this long in light of the fact that individuals won't execute their own will. Also, until this occurs, no progressions will ever be made. Thoreau wants for a general public in which man settles on choices of his own psyche and not the brain of those that are attempting to smother reality. In certain viewpoints Thoreau is correct. Some present laws are not respectable. By and large, Thoreau simply needs to adjust to the laws set up, yet he feels that that wonder won’t occur. In his paper, Thoreau makes it away from his thought that legislature is best [when it] administers [the] least. He utilizes numerous expository techniques, for example, symbolism, imagery and sentiment as a push to convince the perusers that the best sort of government is one of free enterprise. His primary thoughts were available in his composition. He needed to show individuals that a hands-off government isn't the best thing for everybody. Provided that he was tossed behind bars for one night because of the reality he didnt pay survey charge for a long time, at that point why dont individuals step up and rebel against the legislature? He needed the peruser to feel enabled by his words so that there could genuinely be an adjustment in government arrangements.

The Treatment of Women Murderers Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Female defendants are processed within the criminal justice system in accordance with the crimes which they committed and the extent to which the commission of the act and its nature deviate from appropriate female behaviourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Susan Edwards, Women on Trial (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984) p.213. Critically discuss the above statement, with particular reference to women who kill. It is abundantly clear that there is a contrast in the way the criminal justice system treats male and female defendants. Great importance is placed on the extent to which the female perpetrators act deviates from what is considered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"appropriate female behaviour.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The same cannot be said for men, when a male commits homicide there is no generic gendered stereotype that causes this crime to be surprising for the prosecution, or that provides the male with an exclusive list of qualities which he is presumed to possess. Considering women as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perpetrators of violence is a relatively rare phenomenon,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] whereas when a man commits a crime one could suggest that the act is taken prima facie by the court and is not engulfed by a deeper context and a requirement for further explanation, as is the case with women, especially those who kill. It is due to this apparent need by the criminal justice system to delve further into the reasoning behind an act of homicide committed by a female, that I aim to explore the fact that the extent to which a female deviates from the gender appropriate stereotype affects the way she is processed within the criminal justice system. Recent statistics show that the number of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“women in prison or on parole has increased threefold.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2]It has been proposed that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“increase in female offending seen in recent years is attributable to women adopting more masculine traits and behaviours.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3]T here is an ample amount of evidence that masculinity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“is a salient aspect of the criminal stereotype.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4]However, I believe that the traditional female stereotype is a somewhat archaic notion as societal progression has engendered equality for women. Traditionally there was a clear archetype of what a woman should be and how she should act. Hilaire Barnett stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“women are the bearers of children, the nurturers of children, the homemakers and (unpaid) home keepers.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] One could question whether this is entirely relevant in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society; women are now more self sufficient and independent from men and many choose to pursue a career before having a family. Thus, I pose the idea that this equality should be carried through to the courtroom. Although the feminist movement has been successful in creating equal perceptions of women and men, it is clear that this equality has not fully transgressed into the court room. It is apparent that in order for a woman to benefit from a more lenient sentence they must adhere to gender appropriate behaviour. Sharon Hays stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“motherhood is the ultimate fulfilment of a woman; it is a natural and necessary experience for all women.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [6] The fact that women are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"supposedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to have a caring and nurturing persona makes it all the more shocking within the criminal justice system when they commit a crime, especially murder. Whereas a man is sentenced based on the act itself, it appears that a woman is sentenced based on the extent to which her act deviates from what is deemed appropriate for a female, almost as if the womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s character and her conformity to appropriate feminine behaviour is on trial rather than her criminal actions. One could view it as rather arbitrary that women who fit the gendered ideal a treated more leniently than those who do not. This is promin ent in the cases of Ana Cardona and Maria Perez. These women did not fit the typical female stereotype and the prosecution highlighted this. During the sentencing of Maria Perez, the prosecution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“attempted to defeminise her by highlighting her lesbian sexual orientation, portraying her dress and demeanour as manly.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7] Ana Cardona was also perceived as having a more masculine appearance, it is clear that a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s correspondence with feminine traits plays an important role in the prosecution and judgement of their guilt. The discrepancy in the way female defendants are processed within the criminal justice system as opposed to men can be observed by looking at the judges sentencing remarks in the case of R v Philpott, Mairead Philpott and Paul Moseley.[8] Upon reading the judgment of Michael Philpott in comparison with his wife Mairead Philpott it is clear that the judges have varying focuses whilst sentencing the male and female defe ndants. During the sentencing of Michael Philpott the judges focused on his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“callous selfishnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [9] of the crime itself and labelled him a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“disturbingly dangerous man.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] Whereas upon delivering the judgment to Mairead the judges concentrated on her role as a mother and how she could possibly put her children through the traumatic ordeal and how frightened the children must have been. Traditionally and stereotypically a women should be seen as a homemaker and loving and doting mother who places her children above anything, the prosecution placed emphasis on Maireadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s deviation from the gendered ideal by stating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“you put Michael Philpott above your children and as a result they have died.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [11]These sentencing remarks depict the stark difference in how men and women are assumed to act. Although the crimes were the same from the two defendants a further emphasis of guilt was place d on Mairead due to her apparent failure as a mother. As aforementioned, the extent to which a female defendant deviates from what is believed to be appropriate female behaviour plays an important role in the prosecution. This can be observed through scrutiny of legal discourse within the courtroom which undoubtedly à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“participates in this construction of sexual difference, producing fixed notions of the sexed body.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [12] It is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“evident that the dialogue in the trial of Rose West maintained the distinction of male and female by problematising atypical female behaviour.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [13] Although West committed the crimes in conjunction with her husband, more focus was placed on her deviant sexuality throughout the hearing. Siobhan Weare depicts that the judge drew seemingly irrelevant attention to the fact that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“she possessed a collection of dildos, rubber underwear and pornographic videosà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Weare states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“this collection of sex toys was depicted as solely belonging to Rose, despite the fact that it could have just as easily belonged to both her and her husband.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [14] This information had little legal relevance and the fact the judges placed emphasis on the matter shows that the prosecution wanted to accentuate her sexual depravity, in a way that they did not with Fred. The court drew attention to the ways Rose strayed from what is traditionally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"acceptableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for a woman such as her sexual depravity and perversion, instead of purely focusing on the horrific crimes she executed. Even though an aim for sexual equality is at the forefront of society, this does not appear to be the case within the courtroom. From a feminist perspective, one could suggest that the defendants should have been tried in accordance with their crimes and without the further focus on Roseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sexual endeavours rather than Fredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ „ ¢s purely due to her gender. Women who kill after suffering from domestic violence, namely battered women are of particular relevance when exploring how women are treated in the criminal justice system. It has been suggested that battered women are more readily allowed such a defence if they are seen to be adhering to the female stereotype and feminine traits of helplessness and coercion. Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) was developed to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“help establish the reasonableness of homicide by battered women.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [15]One could propose that women are not treated in accordance with the crimes they commit as if they meet the female stereotype; this gendered ideal could allow them a more lenient sentence. If a women is claiming to have killed due to suffering from domestic abuse , it would be entirely in her favour if she lives up to the traditional female stereotype in order to be granted the defence of BWS. Kathleen Ferraro stated that a woman possessing à ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã…“assertiveness, strength and an outgoing personality are inconsistent with being a battered woman.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [16] After the Coroners and Justice Act 2009[17] women who use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“evidence of BWS to support a plea of diminished responsibility will be labelled as mad.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [18] Equality within the court room could be seen as finally blooming due to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"loss of controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ being implemented as a new partial defence to murder. Traditionally women were only seen as victims of crime and not perpetrators, thus were rarely sentenced in accordance with the crimes they committed as it was believed that the crime must be the result of a mental issue. However, now the idea exists that women can be perpetrators because they are victims. Those women who show no signs of being a victim within their crime are deemed to be extremely far from the female stereotype and thus are sentenced more harshly. If a woman presents themselves as sufficiently à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"batteredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in court, they are conforming to the feminine ideal of helplessness and that of a victim. It seems rather unjust that in order for a woman to stand a higher chance of being granted the defence of BWS they must fit certain aesthetic and personality criteria. A woman may not naturally fit this ideal but still be a victim of domestic violence who was pushed into committing homicide. Ideally all crimes would be taken based on the actual act; unfortunately this is not case. This is a key difference in the extent to which men and women are sentenced in accordance to their crimes. The Infanticide Act 1938[19] was the result of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a policy decision to promote leniency for women who kill their own children.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [20]As predominant focus when sentencing women is the mental side of the crime, infanticide allows women a defence to the murder of a child due to lack of mental reasoning rather than focusing on the act she actually committed. If a man was to kill a child the same would not be an option. I fully appreciate that there exists a clinically diagnosed mental issue of puerperal psychosis where a woman kills a child. However, many women are able to claim this defence when it is not fully proven that they are suffering from any form of medically diagnosed psychosis. In giving the label of victim to female killers denies their agency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by portraying them as so profoundly victimised that is difficult to regard them as ever having engaged in an intentional act in their lives.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [21] Thus, one could argue that the focus on a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mental capacity allows for them to be treated more leniently within the criminal justice system as opposed to men, who are punished in accordance with the crime they commit without any need to find further explanation. The defences of BWS and Infanticide annotate women as victims or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"madà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. There is an overemphasis on the mental reasoning of women who commit crime. A woman is painted more as a victim of external influences that caused her to commit a crime rather than a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cold blooded killerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. A further explanation as to the reasons women commit crimes is sought. Justice Minister Helen Grant stated that women within the prison populations are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“more likely to have been abused as children.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [22] Traditional criminological theory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“historically tended to view women as driven to crime because of biological influences, whereas men were viewed as turning to crime due to economic or sociological forces.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [23] This insistence on delivering excuses for women who commit crimes and especially women who kill, so long as they meet the female stereotype denies women from being solely sentenced in accordance with the crime they committed in the same way that male perpetrators are. Females who commit homicide are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“described with respect to personality style and behaviour patterns.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [24]However, in the society in which we live one could suggest that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“men and women are equally likely to suffer from complex mental issues.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [25]The Freudian notion that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“men are rationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [26] and that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“women are driven by their biological constitutionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [27] is obviously outdated. Evidence suggests that legally this is not as willingly acknowledged as defences relating to mental issues are more associated with women. In the 21st century men and women are deemed more or less equally in mental and physical capabilities, a higher level of equality exists within the work place and within relationships than ever before. Thus, I believe that the criminal justice system is perhaps a little backward in its placement of women in respect to them committing crimes; one could propose that it is almost obsolet e to suggest that women cannot be the perpetrators of crime. Women are leaving the antiquated notion and definition of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"femininityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ behind, such as that of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"homemakerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"nurturerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. However, the way women are treated by the criminal justice system is discrepant to how the rest of society views them. It is an inarguable statistical truth that more men commit crimes than women, yet it is clear from the plethora of cases that support my argument that the court sentences women in an entirely different way than it does men, to the extent that they are not sentenced in accordance with the crime that was committed. However, are sentenced in accordance with how closely they match the traditional gendered stereotype. Helen Gavin stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“women who kill multiple times are guilty not just of serial murder, but of being women who step outside of the persona that society creates for them.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [28]The current system benefits those women who fit this stereotypical female persona. For those women who do not meet the desired criteria or expectations are sentenced more harshly. This à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"double devianceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of firstly deviating from the law in committing the crime and secondly deviating from the female stereotype, could end in double jeopardy for the defendant. Within the criminal justice system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“aberrant femininity is constructed as evil.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [29]However, instead of focusing on the fact that a woman has not acted in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"correctà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ womanly way, the focus should be shifted to ensure women are sentenced in accordance with the crime they have committed, not punished more harshly or conversely more leniently simply because they are a women. As explored, gender plays an astoundingly critical role within the criminal justice system. Instead of being sentenced in accordance wit h the perpetrated crime, one agrees with latter half of Susan Edwards statement that a woman is sentenced in regards to the extent of which her crime deviates from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“appropriate female behaviour.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [30] During the sentencing of women who do not fit the gender stereotype focus is placed on seemingly irrelevant matters of their identity and/or sexual orientation and how this deviates from what is considered acceptable of a woman. If the prosecution successfully portray a woman as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"anti motherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as sexually predatory, or as domineering is unlikely to receive mercy, only the wrath of the criminal justice system.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [31] One suggests a lack of absurdity in proposing that women are just as capable of committing homicide as men. Throughout sentencing a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mental state is discussed to a much higher extent than mens, describing women as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"neuroticà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"madà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for committing crimes is old-fashioned, the equality that women enjoy in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society should transpire into the courtroom, thus ensuring they are sentenced in accordance with their crimes. Word Count: 2,500 Bibliography: Demody Leonard E. (2002) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Convicted Survivors: the Imprisonment of Battered Women Who Killà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Net Library p.9 Winter J. (2002) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Truth Will Out? The Role of Judicial Advocacy and Gender in Verdict Constructionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Social and Legal Studies p. 358 Gavin H. (2013) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Evil or Insane? The Female Serial Killer and her Doubly Deviant Femininityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ University of Huddersfield Repository p. 13 Belknapp J. (2006) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The invisible Woman: Gender Crime and Justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc p. 26 Cole K. E. (1968) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Women Who Kill, A Sociopsychological Studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Arch Gen Psychiatry p. 1 Weare S. (2013) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Madà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Badà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : Gendered Constructions of Women Who Kill Within the Criminal Justice Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Laws p. 338 Oggle R and Maier à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Katkin D. (1993) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"A Rationale for Infanticide Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Criminal Law Review p. 903 Ward C, Flowe H and Humphries J. (2012) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Effects of Masculinity and Suspect Gender on Perceptions of Guiltà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Applied Cognitive Psychology p. 482 Barnett H. (1998) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Introduction to Feminist Jurisprudenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Cavendish Publishing Limited p. 43 Chesney-Lind M and Pasko L J. (2004) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Female Offender: Girls, Women and Crimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Sage Publications p. 139 Edwards S. (1984) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Women on Trialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Manchester University Press p. 213 We bsites: Fogg A. (2013) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Reduce Prison Sentences But Not Just For Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/26/prison-changes-women Date accessed 3rd January 2015 R v Philpott, Philpott and Moseley, Sentencing Remarks, https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/JCO/Documents/Judgments/r-v-philpott-philpott-and-mosley-sentencing-remarks.pdf Date accessed 2nd January 2015 [1] Siobhan Weare, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Madà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Badà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : Gendered Constructions of Women Who Kill Within the Criminal Justice Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) Laws 340 [2] Meda Chesney-Lind and Lisa J Pasko, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Female Offender: Girls, Women and Crimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) Sage Publications 139 [3] Charlotte Ward, Heather Flowe and Joyce Humphries, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Effects of Masculinity and Suspect Gender on Perceptions of Guiltà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2012) Applied Cognitive Psychology 482 [4] ibid. [5] Hilaire Barnett, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Introduction to Feminist Jurisprudenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1998)Cavendish Publishing Limited 43 [6] Sharon Hays 1996 [7] Charlotte Ward, Heather Flowe and Joyce Humphries, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Effects of Masculinity and Suspect Gender on Perceptions of Guiltà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2012) Applied Cognitive Psychology 482 [ 8] R v Philpott, Mairead Philpott and Paul Moseley [2013] EWHC 773 [9] R v Philpott, Mairead Philpott and Paul Moseley, Sentencing Remarks, https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/JCO/Documents/Judgments/r-v-philpott-philpott-and-mosley-sentencing-remarks.pdf accessed 2nd January 2015 [10] ibid. [11] ibid. [12] Jo Winter, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Truth Will Out? The Role of Judicial Advocacy and Gender in Verdict Constructionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) Social and Legal Studies 354 [13]ibid at 355 [14] Siobhan Weare, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Madà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Badà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : Gendered Constructions of Women Who Kill Within the Criminal Justice Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) Laws 348 [15] ibid at 338 [16] ibid. [17] Coroners and Justice Act 2009 [18] Siobhan Weare, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Madà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Badà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Th e Victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : Gendered Constructions of Women Who Kill Within the Criminal Justice Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) Laws 339 [19] Infanticide Act 1938 [20] Robbin Oggle and Daniel Maier à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Katkin, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"A Rationale for Infanticide Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1993) Criminal Law Review 903 [21] Siobhan Weare, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Madà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Badà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : Gendered Constructions of Women Who Kill Within the Criminal Justice Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) Laws 338 [22]Ally Fogg, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Reduce Prison Sentencing, But Not Just For Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/26/prison-changes-women accessed 3rd January 2015 [23] Joanne Belknapp, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The invisible Woman: Gender Crime and Justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2006) Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc 26 [24] K.E. Cole, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Women Who Kill, A Sociopsychological Studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1968) Arch Gen Psychiatry 1 [25] Ally Fogg, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Reduce Prison Sentencing, But Not Just For Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/26/prison-changes-women accessed 3rd January 2015 [26] Joanne Belknapp, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The invisible Woman: Gender Crime and Justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2006) Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc 26 [27] ibid. [28] Helen Gavin, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Evil or Insane? The Female Serial Killer and her Doubly Deviant Femininityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) University of Huddersfield Repository 13 [29] ibid. [30] Susan Edwards, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Women on Trialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1984) Manchester University Press 213 [31] Jo Winter, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Truth Will Out? The Role of Judicial Advocacy and Gender in Verdict Constructionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) Social and Legal Studies 358

My Experience With Formal Training - 1504 Words

Growing up in my home we never really danced all that much. We didn’t do any dances native to our heritage of Ireland, Scotland, Germany, Italy, and France. Even though there are many rich dances from each of these cultures, my family never partook in them aside from the occasional funky chicken at weddings and parties, but even then we weren’t much into dancing. I never thought about formal training in dance when I was little either. It wasn’t until much later when I found my way into dance. My introduction into dance was less through my family or the studio and more through the way of my identity and a select few experiences. Then once I was introduced to dance I went on to familiarize myself with many different styles. My definition of identity is where one’s identity is an amalgamation of one s experiences, whether those be cultural, social, or familial in addition to the specific details that are ingrained in our genes from birth. We learn, make decis ions, and deal with things according to two stimuli: Nature and Nurture which guide our identities. This ties back to me by way of my sexual identity. Growing up I was made fun of a lot because of part of my identity, more specifically the way I spoke, moved, and looked. This is where my â€Å"dance† story begins. In our dance studies the question of â€Å"How we define dance† constantly arises. In my story dance takes on many forms. Firstly, it comes in the form of innate and intrinsic movement, or embodied personality.Show MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Training Specialist1095 Words   |  5 Pageshired as a Training Specialist I for Cardinal Bank in September of 2014. I believe part of my success in landing the job was because of new theories I had learned in the Human Resources Development program. Before working at Cardinal, I had no banking experience. 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More specifically, over the next five years my goal and base objective will be to rebuild J-R Equipment Rental into an efficient, consistently profitable organization which many familiesRead MoreEssay on Lifelong Learning782 Words   |  4 Pageslearning is that it encompasses both formal and non-formal/informal types of education and training. Formal learning includes the hierarchically structured school system that runs from primary school through the university and organized school-like programs created in business for technical and professional training. Whereas informal learning describes a lifelong process whereby individuals acquire attitudes, values, skills and knowledge from daily experience and the educational influences and resourcesRea d MoreI Was 10 Years Old When I Received My First Formal Writing Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesold when I received my first formal essay assignment. This assignment set me on a path of writing fear and has been something I could not fix for nearly 30 years. Formal writing has always been a fear of mine, for a very long time. Over the years, I have been hesitant to attend any college for fear of writing assignments and classes that will be required. In the beginning of this essay, I describe how the fear of formal writing happened, the reasons it has continued to affect my confidence in writingRead MoreThe Principal Goals Of Education1226 Words   |  5 Pagescognitive development at Cornell University, 1964), and so that is still true of learning in my workplace today. But how does the learning being offered create these men you may ask, and what place does Kolb’s experiential learning cycle take in it all? As I work in a tough railway ‘safety critical’ role t he learning can be broken down into several phases each with its own goals. 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Taking a Look at Gun Control - 1263 Words

Gun control is one of the most controversial topics in our country. There are two main views. The first is the view as it is said in the United States Constitution, they guns should be legal for civilian ownership. The second view, and the severity of its enforcement varies from person to person, it that gun control should be enacted. This could just mean smaller magazines, to no semi-automatic guns, or even to a complete ban. The founding father’s view is basically what is still used today. Guns are allowed, but some states have much stricter regulations on them. Guns are necessary in a country, because of the constitution, and for the purposes of self defense and national security. The Founding Fathers of our country had a very obvious view on gun rights. In the second amendment, it clearly says that the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed (Pendergast 30). This statement does not need to be interpreted to grasp their opinion. They believ ed that guns were a necessary part of the country, and they said it in the constitution. The constitution is the highest law in the land, and what it says is final when viewed by the supreme court, the highest court in the land. The reasoning for this amendment was to keep a well-regulated militia (Pendergast 30). One of the founding fathers, Joseph Story, has a relevant quote. He said, â€Å"The right of the citizens to keep and bear arms has justly been considered, as the palladium of the liberties ofShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Gun Control1226 Words   |  5 Pageswater in abundance. For healthcare, I will work on improving the Obama care system and provide health care for every living, breathing American. I will do my best to enforce the affordable healthcare act. The Affordable Care Act allows consumers control over their health care options. There should not be an insurance company who won’t cover a person because of a disease that they have. 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An Ultimate Learning Environment Essay Example For Students

An Ultimate Learning Environment Essay Being young adults, we will someday be the future leaders in this world. It will be our responsibility to design an education system that will bridge right and left brain learning in order to realize the full spectrum of human potential that looms enticingly before us. (Margaret Hatcher, Whole Brain Learning.) The full potential of the human brain is now within reach. To develop our brain to this potential is the greatest challenge for educators. Our class formed several groups that designed schools to implement whole brain learning by developing the schools physical environment, curriculum, personnel, and assessment. What did the students put in the school that would help achieve whole brain learning?THE TASKWorking in small groups one aspect of a school was to be fully designed. The area developed is for a specific age group or grade level. The research findings in Margaret Hatchers, Whole Brain Learning were used in support of why their schools would achieve the ultimate learning environment. All of the following aspects were to be considered. ? PhysicalBuildings and facilities, geographical location, classrooms? CurriculumWhat is taught, why, and how? PersonnelStaff, students, community support? AssessmentGoals, student and staff evaluationAfter all the research was done, an oral report was presented in front of the class using appropriate visual materials. The presentation was not to exceed twenty minutes. All group members were to be fully involved in the presentation. OBSERVATIONSIn this class there were a total of six schools presented. Each school had its own unique features and had its own area of specialization. The majority dealt with secondary school education. ? 3 schools dealt with the science departments. e.g. (Chemistry, Biology, Marine Biology, Physics, and Astronomy)? 1 school was devoted to Kindergarten students? 1 school focused on Physical EducationRight and Left Brain FunctionsThe groups dealing with science departments focused on left brain functions. These subjects require number skills, reasoning, sequential thinking, and convergent problem solving.The remaining schools emphasized right brain functions. They dealt with the creative and imaginative instincts of the students. In order to accomplish these tasks students were able to use computers. Computers allow the students access to unlimited amounts of information from all over the world. As a result learning of all students from the very brightest to the slowest would improve drastically. Computers could even function in schools as private tutors. The use of this technology could also relieve the teachers of many time consuming chores that now burden their lives. Discovery and experimental programs were a big part of these schools. In the sciences it is essential for students to have hands on experience (learning by doing). Too much theory will make students lose interest. As a result more practical labs will be put into the curriculum. A good example of this is called Problem-based learning where the emphasis is on problem solving proficiency, self-directed learning strategies, and team participation skills. Smaller classes would allow students to respond to more personal attention. Students would be allowed to get to know each other better. This will lead the students to be better team players, an essential skill out in the real world. One school provided students with a full meal plan that dealt with only healthy foods. These foods would help stimulate the students mind, keeping them refreshed and active throughout the day. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis activity made it clear that it isnt as easy as it looks to design a school to achieve whole brain learning. The Curriculum and physical environment well done. Each group had visual depictions of the buildings and facilities of their school. It was found that students lacked research on two parts of the project. These parts were the personnel and assessment. Very little was said about how teachers would evaluate students. For future assignments, more emphasis should be placed on the curriculum and assessment areas. Synetics, Multi-Sensory / Discovery / Experimental learning techniques, and Divergent and Creative Thinking Techniques should have had more influence on group decisions. Students must realize the value of emotions in learning and how to apply their education to real life situations.